​By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP
 
There's that moment at the start of every group — psychotherapy, training, workshop, classroom — when people settle into their chairs. They glance sideways at strangers. And wait.

The air is thick with unspoken questions: Who are these people? Where do I fit? Am I safe here?

By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

As part of our commitment to quality professional development, Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies is beginning the new year with a sliding scale program that is an important tool for social justice.
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The sliding scale plan is based on the nationally known Green Bottle, which acknowledges peoples' different financial experiences and allows participants to adjust payment based on their access to resources.

Green Bottle understands that although some people have more than sufficient financial resources -- which would be termed an "overflowing bottle" -- others have  sincere difficulty paying for quality services and education.

These may include people attending undergraduate or graduate school or recently graduated professionals with significant student loans; persons who work in prisons or domestic violence or homeless shelters;  Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) coming from historically black colleges and universities; veterans; and continuing trainees with restricted financial means who demonstrate a strong commitment to their study of alternative alternative methods and action psychotherapies, including psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy.

Green Bottle was developed by Alexis J. Cunningfolk, a community healing practitioner and herbalist based in Sacramento, Calif., who was seeking a way to make health-related services truly accessible to a diverse number of people no matter their financial status.

The plan looks like this:

The top tuition  class ticket (the full bottle) is the actual cost of the class, which includes the educator's planning and presentation time and skills, rental fee or online subscription, associated fees like insurance, snacks, supplies and other amenities. If you choose a ticket price below the top tier, you are receiving a discount.

The middle tuition (the middle-filled bottle) is for those who are able to meet their basic needs of food, housing and transportation but have little-to-no expendable income. Paying for this class may qualify as a sacrifice but it would not create hardship.

The bottom tuition (the least-filled bottle) is for those who struggle to meet basic needs and paying for this class would still be a significant hardship.

A fourth option, the Pay-It-Forward tuition, is a few dollars above the actual cost of the class, and that extra money is steered to supporting scholarships and future free and low-cost classes. Essentially, it's an opportunity to not only take the class but also support your fellow community members.

Admittedly, this plan is a work in progress, although it does seem like growing numbers of people are attracted to its simplicity, asking people to identify their own assets and boundaries rather than become involved in complicated application forms that include submitting pay stubs, income tax forms and similar proof of income and assets.

Disadvantages of the plan

The plan obviously has advantages. As a social justice tool, it seeks to address the systemic inequalities of class and lack of opportunity in our culture and has been adopted and adapted by alternative healing practitioners, educators, and activist organizations. In fact, although I have offered a sliding scale for years, I first heard about the Green Bottle model several years ago during a social justice workshop at a conference organized by the American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama. 

However,  there are also disadvantages. As Alexis writes in a follow-up article, “The biggest disadvantage of the sliding scale is that folks will take advantage of it,” and that’s true.

More than a few of us have helped people access services for a lower cost only to notice the person coming in with her new (expensive) pair of shoes  or purse or exclaiming about the fun they had during last week’s costly vacation.

So…

As many practitioners have noted, for a sliding scale to work, it relies on the principles of truthfulness, respect for complexity and accountability.

And...

Be mindful that if you pay for training or service at the lowest end of the scale when you can truthfully afford the higher ticket prices, you are limiting access to those people who really need the gift of financial flexibility.

Such a plan sometimes brings up anxiety about money, even with people who are financially comfortable – a response that can be rooted in family and ancestral experiences and deprivations. Here, it is helpful to acknowledge additional factors that are in play look at how people can commit themselves to address them as well as noticing how decisions are made about spending. It becomes a real personal growth experience. 
 
The Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies offers continuing education classes for mental health professionals, creative arts therapists, other helping and healing professionals, life and wellness coaches, educators and group leaders and community activists and others interested in experiential and group skills.

It is approved by Pennsylvania to offer continuing education credits for social workers, marriage and family therapists and licensed counselors and psychologists, plus -re-credentialing hours for addiction counselors and recovery specialists, Act 48 hours for educators and psychodrama hours. 

About Karen

Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa. You may subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.

DrBy Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

Jacob L. Moreno, the European-born physician who originated the method that he called psychodrama as an alternative to Freud’s psychoanalysis, has been venerated for decades by his students and others for his contributions to the worlds of psychiatry, psychology and sociology.

In the past decade or so, increasing acknowledgement and credit has been directed to Zerka T. Moreno, his third wife, who worked for years as his assistant and collaborator, typing and editing his books, acting as a key role player as Moreno directed psychodrama sessions, and teaching classes as he aged and his health declined. After Dr. Moreno's death in 1974, she took over the Beacon Institute and became an acclaimed trainer, writer and theorist, traveling internationally to demonstrate and teach psychodrama.
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However, the fact is that a large group of women stand behind and with Dr. Moreno as innovators and contributors to the remarkable method of psychodrama and its

sibling method of sociometry, which has found places in psychotherapy, education, organizational consulting, medicine, coaching and more.

We start with Marianne Lörnitzo, the young teacher who became Moreno’s medical assistant and lover when he established his family medicine practice in Bad Vöslau, Austria, after the end of World War I. Her presence appears to have been both healing and motivating for Moreno, who had served as a physician tending to traumatized refugees during the war. Accordingly, he named Marianne his “muse,” recognizing the importance of her presence in his life at that time.

He left Marianne and Austria for the United States in 1925, soon marrying Beatrice Beecher in a marriage of convenience that allowed him to stay in the United States and led to naturalized citizenship. Beatrice came from the famous New England family notable for advocating for progressive issues relating to religion, civil rights and social reform, and had offered to marry Moreno to help him stay in the United States.  She worked on a translation of his “Das Stegreiftheater” – The Theater of Spontaneity – and Moreno demonstrated his work at the Plymouth Institute in Brooklyn, New York, where she was working.

In the 1930s, Moreno collaborated with Helen Hall Jennings, an American social psychologist, and worked closely with her at Sing Sing, a men’s prison in Ossining, New York, and the New York State Training School for Girls, a prison for incarcerated teenage girls in Hudson, New York. She developed quantitative research methods to measure social relationships, and her work resulted in two published works, “Application of the Group Method to Classification” in 1932 and “Who Shall Survive? A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations" in 1934, among other writings. The approach of using quantitative data to study and measure relationships within groups of people evolved into what would be called sociometry.

At the Hudson School for Girls, Moreno met Florence Bridge, a young woman studying social and educational psychology. She became his second wife and the mother of Regina Moreno, his first child, born in 1939. Florence helped research Moreno’s sociometric projects and later developed sociometric studies by working with groups of small children in the backyard of their home in Beacon, New York, contributing her writings about child development to Moreno's book “Psychodrama Volume I.” After their divorce, she regularly employed sociometric and psychodramatic activities as a teacher in New York public schools. 

Gertrude Franchot Tone, a wealthy socialite and women’s rights activist from Niagara Falls, New York, funded the construction of Moreno’s three-tiered round stage in the late 1930s; she had become a fan of psychodrama because it helped her recover from alcoholism. The theater, complete with balcony and lights, was built as an addition to his Beacon Sanitarium in Beacon. This theater allowed him to direct psychodramatic sessions with the help of assistant role players, which he called auxiliaries.

When the sanitarium and training institute closed, with the property to be sold for real estate development, the wooden stage was dismantled and moved to become the centerpiece at Boughton Place, a small community and retreat center in Highland, New York, thanks to the efforts of Claire Danielson, Ph,D., a psychodramatist and social activist.

Gretel Leutz arrived at J.L and Zerka’s Moreno’s Beacon household to serve as a “companion” and kind of teacher to young Regina Moreno and helped Dr. Moreno with his sociometric studies, who considered her like “another daughter.” When Gretel returned to live in Europe, she trained as a medical doctor, organized one of the larger psychodrama training institutes in Germany and translated and wrote some of the most widely used texts for German-language readers.

Psychologist Anne Ancelin Schutzenberger, Ph.D., studied with the Morenos at Beacon Institute and brought psychodrama to France. She wrote several books on psychodrama and is known as an explorer of frontiers in psychology, particularly with her book "The Ancestor Syndrome," which developed the main concepts of psychogenealogy. As a pioneer in the clinical and academic field of transgenerational therapy,  her books and other writings have been translated into several languages.

Hannah B. Weiner was a major figure in psychodrama in the late 1950s and early 1960s and attracted many professionals through the open sessions she conducted in New York City. She also taught at Esalen Institute in California and influenced the inclusion of psychodramatic methods in the multi-modal encounter groups developed by psychologist William Schutz. She is widely considered the inventor of Magic Shop, the fabled psychodramatic structure where participants barter traits they do not want for traits they want.

Marcia Karp, born in the United States, brought psychodrama to England in the 1970s after studying closely with J.L. and Zerka Moreno at Beacon and his second theater in New York City. She co-authored and edited several books on psychodrama including “Psychodrama Since Moreno” and has traveled and taught ongoing training programs in Moscow, Kiev, Geneva, Athens and Spain for decades. She is a founding Member of the Federation of European Training Organizations in Psychodrama.

Ann E. Hale trained with J.L. and Zerka Moreno and received her Director of Psychodrama certificate in 1974. She has conducted training in Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Finland, Norway, Korea, Australia and New Zealand and edited the student edition of J.L. Moreno's “Who Shall Survive?” in 1994.  She was well known for her writing on sociometry and authored “Conducting Clinical Sociometric Explorations” and “Sociometric Processing of Action Events” with colleague Donna Little, a well-known and beloved Canadian psychodramatist  and trainer who presented regularly at conferences of the American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama.

Regina Moreno obtained a bachelor’s degree in education, but her primary “training” was listening to and observing her father at home and at work in the therapeutic theater since the earliest years of her life. She taught for 47 years in schools in Colorado, Canada, New York and California, frequently enlivening classrooms with sociodrama, role training and sociometric choice techniques with elementary, middle school, high school and college students. She also inspired  her daughter Miriam Zachariah who regularly used sociometric techniques first as a teacher and later as a school principal in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Miriam now conducts trainings on how to incorporate action methods in educational settings for inclusion and deeper student learning.

Of course, there are many other women who have made significant marks on psychodrama through the years. Elaine Ades Sachnoff, Ph.D., brought psychodrama to Chicago with the help of Lorelei Goldman, a special education teacher, and trained a new generation of professionals there.  

Dorothy Satten, Ph.D., was a beloved trainer in Los Angeles and Arizona for decades, and Elaine Eller Goldman, also in Arizona, established the Psychodrama Department at Camelback Hospital and made early videos demonstrating how psychodrama could be used to treat substance abuse and addiction.

Gong Shu, Ph.D., combined art therapy, Chinese medicine and psychodrama in St. Louis, Missouri, and has brought psychodrama to Asia. Her book "Yi Shu: The Art of Living with Change: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine Psychodrama and the Creative Arts," elaborates on her integration of multiple philosophies.

For additional pioneers in psychodrama, including both women and men, visit here and here.

About Karen

Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa., which offers online and in-person classes with CE credits. You may keep updated on her schedule and subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.

Note

The photo of Beatrice Beecher was found online and credited to Bettmann (GettyImages).

I found this great vintage bird cage at a yard sale, and I promise you that cages, prisons and jails are always well used in my experience.

Very little and bigger items are always useful because sand trays vary in size according to the practitioner, the size of the practice space and if you're traveling to various locations or staying put in one place.

You'll want to have money -- real or play -- because everyone will have money issues to explore.

I modified the stickers at the bottom into sand tray figures by gluing them onto cardboard and will make little stands for them before the class begins. I find that  wine corks make ideal stands, which I attach to the signs with hot glue. They'll be added to several other items for a section that that speaks of social justice topics.

Boxes with lids are always fun to open, and they also hide what is not ready to be seen or protect what must have protection or limit what must have boundaries.

Buildings, people and animals are mandatory. Thankfully, my collection includes more than images of white humans -- I've collected images of people of color from hero images, to babies to working people.

I always like to include items of natural materials because I believe that we consciously and unconsciously yearn to connect with the natural world. Here, the raffia placemat offers connection with the natural world, as do the bamboo plates. I'll be also be adding seashells, branches of eucalyptus, stones, feathers and other natural items to the choices.

I'll be using the classic sand tray with its blue interior -- as advised by the Swiss Jungian psychologist Dora Kalff, considered one of the key pioneers of this creative modality -- as well as demonstrating options for smaller trays, including the aluminum lasagna baking pans, the bamboo charger plates, the decorative metal tray. In lieu of containers with sand,  I've also used the lazy Susan as well as place mats and pieces of construction paper.

Want a bigger list of sand tray essentials? Purchase Karen's 30-page e-book Sand Tray Essentials for Adults by clicking here.

About Karen

Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa., which offers online and in-person classes with CE credits. You may keep updated on her schedule and subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.

By Linda Ciotola, M.Ed., TEP

The use of the empty chair was one of the first things I learned early in my training to become a psychodramatist.  
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J.L. Moreno, M.D., the originator of the action method of psychodrama, pioneered the use of the "empty chair" in his first public psychodrama  on April 1, 1921 in Vienna, Austria, when he placed an empty chair on stage and asked for a person to 

By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

When the dark approaches, we naturally feel more vulnerable.

The dark is big, and we can feel so small.

This is why light at this time of year seems so powerful, and why we yearn for it and call for it. We adorn our Christmas trees and porches with little lights, touch matches to the candles of the menorah, sing about light in our seasonal songs and place the candles in our windows. The Swedish holiday of St. Lucia’s Day centers on a maiden wearing a crown of candles, and the Yule log that burns in the fireplace or fire pit – and is replicated in the tasty chocolate pastry of rolled cake – a sweet reminder of the bonfires of the ancients. 

Indeed, the Winter Solstice, our oldest known holiday in the Northern Hemisphere, marks the longest night of the year and calls for the slow return of the light.
In the meanwhile, we feel vulnerable, and that prompts the rise of the natural question: Who will take care of me?

This is the cry of the baby, the child, the weak, the injured, the sick, the homeless, the old. It is a question as eternal as the light rituals of our ancient ancestors.

The dark is also the unknown – in the dark, we cannot see very far down the path, and we are obliged to step carefully into the future. As we turn the page of the past year into 2025, we are stepping into the unknown, not simply into the blank pages of the 2025 calendar but also into a world that seems especially troubled, with many of our supporting institutions offering disappointment and disruption rather than structure and care.   

It seems that we are increasingly facing the realities that many of these longtime institutions and structures that we have depended upon do not always have our best interests at heart. 

For instance, in recent times our attention has been directed to the limits of the media, the internet, the churches, the electoral system, the police, the law and the health insurance companies. Very recently, we are seeing U.S. health insurance companies as less reliable at best, nefarious at worst as these businesses – and they are businesses – face growing scrutiny about denying claims to its customers. 

In another for instance, a Senate committee concluded earlier this year that three major insurance companies – UnitedHealthcare, Humana and CVS, which owns Aetna – were intentionally denying claims for nursing care to patients to increase profits. UHC was also accused in a lawsuit of using a faulty Artificial Intelligence algorithm to deny elderly patients extended care, and Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield, another big insurance company, attempted to limit the amount of anesthesia a patient could receive during surgery.

Many of us are resting, feeling exhausted. Or striving to feel powerful at a time when we are feeling vulnerable. Or wrapped in a cloak of despair, not sure what step to take into the darkness.

For myself, I am going with the humble tradition of calling for the light.
Let us call for the light. Let us bring the light and let it shine fully on what does not serve us, what hurts us, what damages the fabric of our communities and our larger community as humans. Let us notice how the light shows up – in kindness, in hearty laughter, in welcome and in generosity. Let us be enlightened to reimagine new ways of conducting our lives, caring for each other and re-forming our larger communities.

The best that we can do is to take care of ourselves and each other. Let’s keep noticing how we can bring each other the light..

About Karen

Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa., which offers online and in-person classes with CE credits. You may keep updated on her schedule and subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.

By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

Ancestors has been on my mind lately, and not just because I’ve been preparing for a  training “Family Constellations: Process and Pathway to Ancestral Healing.”

On Monday of last week, I assisted with transportation of a local veteran to a drug and alcohol rehab facility in western Pennsylvania, and our conversation in the car focused not only on the trauma of war but also the man’s father and grandfather and their troubles in high-risk and high-trauma occupations. He seemed interested in one of the mouse studies from Emory University that showed that the grandchildren 

By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

I’m always on the lookout for free continuing education courses. For me and for you. It’s a selfish thing – after you save money by taking these free courses, you have extra money in your wallet to take classes with me. (Insert smiley face emoji!)

Since it’s CE gathering season for social workers, licensed counselors, marriage and family therapists and others in my home state of Pennsylvania, I’m sharing my findings with you.

That said, it's my opinion that the best CE classes involve in-person teaching with a chance to interact with and query the trainer and practice new skills and receive feedback, inspiration and support in a community of learners. However, in a pinch, these online CE classes will get the job done:

Child abuse reporting

In Pennsylvania, two organizations offer free online classes to meet the mandatory child abuse requirement.

One is the School of Social Work at the University of Pittsburgh, which offers its free class through its Child Welfare Resource Center and Continuing Education Program. The online class provides three credit hours. Info and registration here. 

More free classes on child abuse reporting come from the Pennsylvania Family Support Alliance, which offers several live webinars, with several dates available. Info here.

CE businesses​

Many commercial CE businesses offer a chance to sample a  class at no charge, and you can search classes on topics of the two required classes for Pennsylvania helpers -- suicide prevention and ethics. These classes typically involve reading an article or book chapter or listening to a podcast, then answering a short multiple choice test.

Ethics and Boundary Issues is a free class offered online by CE4less.com, which focuses on ethical dilemmas, with a focus on boundary violations and crucial topics like informed consent, confidentiality, mandated reporting, and HIPAA. Details here.

Person Centered Tech offers one legal and ethical free credit on HIPAA Security Compliance in Mental Health, available at its site here.
Another business, Ce-credit.com gives you the opportunity to test drive a free CE course of your choice. I picked the one-hour "Ethical Aspects of Mental Health Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bi-, Pan-, Asexual, and Transgender People" because it’s a topic where I'd like to build more awareness, and other ethics topics are available.  Details here.

Another, Clearly Clinical, offers several free CE classes, including one one-hour class relating to ethics. Find info here.

Therapists.com, which offers a variety of services, offers free access to a  CE class. The process takes a bit longer -- your professional credentials must first be verified, then you will receive a voucher code to create an account and redeem for your class. Find info here.

Care for veterans

Check out VHA TRAIN’s learning programs that support the professional development needs of public health and health care providers, with a focus on veteran patient care.

The website’s catalog will direct you course catalog where you can search for free classes on topics of ethics as well as suicide. Multiple topics are available, and many offer CE credits. Info here.
 
You will find multiple options for a two-day Military Cultural Awareness and Suicide Prevention Training, with first program in November 2024 and other dates to follow. Info and schedule here.

Other options

Quantum Units Education offers limited number of free CE classes, although not on mandatory class topics. Check the site anyway if you need to supplement your files with an hour or two.

Optum Health Education offers a long list of online trainings with CE credits for social workers and other disciplines. From my quick viewing, most are one-hour classes. Click here for more info.
 
Find a list of free or low-cost suicide prevention training online classes here, from the state of Oregon, which may meet your needs.  

Classes with CE credits, both virtual and in-person, are frequently posted on the Capital Networking Group, a national discussion list based in the greater metropolitan DC area. Contact moderator to subscribe here.
 
As you would when considering any continuing education class, read the course description carefully to make sure that it offers the correct number of credits that you want, fit your learning interests, meets licensure requirements and dates you are available. Some require pre-registration or list other standards or deadlines so you will want to note those.

Details on requirements

Social workers, LMFTs and licensed counselors must have a total of 30 CE credits due at the end of February 2025. A good place to check the status of continuing education requirements in Pennsylvania is the Association of Social Work Boards’ list of social work regulations, which you may check here.

Psychologists in Pennsylvania have until Nov. 30, 2025 to prepare for their license renewals by collecting CE credits. See this page for more info.

About Karen

Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa., which offers online and in-person classes with CE credits. You may keep updated on her schedule and subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.

Folks, I’m with you on all of this. When I’m pulling out my Christmas treasures to decorate my tree and craft my packages, it’s hard to step into the place of being fully joyful. Although it’s true that many kindnesses abound in so many places, the sting of awareness -- which some people are calling “wokeness” -- reminds us that suffering is present.

Sometimes the suffering is loud and headline worthy, and sometimes it is quiet, even nearly invisible, but still present.

We notice that holiday season is a season of finding, honoring and keeping the light: From the wearing of candle-crowns of Swedish girls on St. Lucia Day, the eight candles of the Hanukkah menorah, the bonfires of the ancient Winter Solstice, the lights of Christmas, the candle lighting rituals of Kwanzaa to the fireworks of the new year, there is light.

And I think that it is no accident that Dec. 8 commemorates what is known as Bodhi Day, the anniversary of the day that The Buddha found enlightenment. That’s en-LIGHT-en-ment, may I point out.

Dr. Mary Pipher, the clinical psychologist and author of the new memoir A Life in Light: Meditations on Impermanence, wrote beautifully about light earlier this month in The New York Times.

In an article titled “Finding Light in Winter,” she writes:

“No matter how dark the days, we can find light in our own hearts, and we can be one another’s light.”

You may read the full article here.

On my holiday list this year, I notice that many of my gifts to friends and family are candles. So I suppose that I could say that I am bringing light, and I hope you will bring light too.

Wishing you to find the light, to spread the light, to be the light.

By Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP

For the those people who are psychodrama history nerds -- and I mean that in the best possible way-- you should get to know Sergio Guimaraes. 

Sergio, a psychodramatist and psychologist in Buenos Aires, Brazil, has made and published a number of video interviews about psychodrama. Many are interviews with Zerka Moreno, the grand dame of psychorama and third wife of Dr J.L. Moreno who continued to teach and spread the word about the magic of psychodrama after Moreno's death -- as well as many more videos about psychodrama and the people who direct psychodrama sessions, many of them well-known practitioners and trainers around the world.

Sergio's latest project has been what he calls "Retracing J.L. Moreno’s Steps,” visiting Vienna, Austria, and nearby areas including Bad Voslau, where Moreno set up his first medical practice as a young physician. Accompanied by Michael Wieser, an Austrian psychodramatist, Sergio toured and filmed the historic places there and nearby that relate to Moreno and the places that both supported the birth of psychodrama and memorialize the man who created it.

Here's a list of his recent videos, all on YouTube and free for the watching:

“Vienna: It's All About Having Women at the Café Museum”
Watch here.
 “Vienna: Zerka Comes to Join Moreno at the Café Museum”
​Watch here.
“Vienna by Night: J. L. Moreno at the House of the Encounter” 
Watch here.
“Vienna: the Apartment Where Moreno the Child and Family Lived” 
Watch here.
“Augarten, Where J. L. Moreno Started Playing with Children” 
 Watch here.
“Jacob Moreno-Levy Goes to the University of Vienna”
Watch here.
“Did J. Moreno-Levy Meet with Sigmund Freud Here?” 
 Watch here.
“Moreno on April 1st, 1921 in Vienna: The Komödienhaus Is a Supermarket”
Watch here.
"This Is Where Moreno Started his Theatre of Improvisation" 
Watch here.
At the Café, ‘Oh, My God!’ And Moreno: ‘Someone Called Me?’"
Watch here.
“On the Train Moreno Used to Take Between Vienna and Bad Vöslau”
Watch here.
“By Accident, J. Moreno-Levy Got a Job Here, in Bad Vöslau” 
Watch here.
“Moreno’s House on the May Valley: ‘The Roof is Made New’, But… 
Watch here.
 “Where Is the Tower? Moreno's House and Surplus Reality”
Watch here.
“Trying to Get into Moreno's House: What Is the Problem?”
Watch here.
In Vienna, Visiting the Man Who Brought Joy and Laughter” 
Watch here.
“Also Visiting J. L. Moreno Neighbors at the Cemetery”
Watch here.

As a trainer, educator and practitioner about psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy, I have long preached that if we aspire to serve as authentic experts and practitioners of a method, we must educate ourselves about the method, its originators and how it developed, not just the methodology. Sergio's videos certainly have given us many treasures in our research and understanding of this amazing method.

About Karen
​Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, is a nationally board-certified practitioner of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy and the founder and director of the Lancaster School of Psychodrama and Experiential Psychotherapies in Lancaster, Pa.realtruekaren.myflodesk.com/news You may subscribe to Karen's e-letter here.
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